Urdu Terms for Different Scientific Fields
Urdu is a beautiful language with a rich literary tradition. It is widely spoken in Pakistan and India, and has also spread to various parts of the world. As global interaction increases, so does the need to understand scientific terms across different languages. For English speakers learning Urdu, acquiring vocabulary related to scientific fields can be particularly useful. This article aims to introduce you to some essential Urdu terms used in different scientific fields, helping you bridge the gap between the two languages.
Biology
Biology, the study of life and living organisms, has a wide array of terminologies. Here are some key Urdu terms related to biology:
– **Cell**: The basic building block of life is known as خلیہ (khuliya).
– **DNA**: The molecule that carries genetic information is called ڈی این اے (Dee-En-Ay).
– **Gene**: A unit of heredity is termed as جین (jeen).
– **Chromosome**: A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein is referred to as کروموسوم (chromosome).
– **Enzyme**: A protein that acts as a catalyst is called خامرہ (khamra).
– **Photosynthesis**: The process by which green plants make their food is termed as <bتالیف ضیائی (taleef zayai).
– **Evolution**: The process by which different kinds of living organisms develop is known as ارتقا (irtaqa).
Chemistry
Chemistry deals with substances and their interactions. Here are some Urdu terms used in this field:
– **Atom**: The smallest unit of an element is called ایٹم (atom).
– **Molecule**: A group of atoms bonded together is known as مالیکیول (molecule).
– **Element**: A substance made of only one type of atom is termed as عنصر (unsar).
– **Compound**: A substance composed of two or more elements is called مرکب (murakkab).
– **Acid**: A chemical substance with a pH less than 7 is known as تیزاب (tezaab).
– **Base**: A chemical substance with a pH greater than 7 is referred to as اساس (asaas).
– **Reaction**: A process in which substances interact to form new substances is called عمل (amal).
Physics
Physics explores the nature and properties of matter and energy. Below are some important Urdu terms related to physics:
– **Force**: An influence that causes an object to change its motion is called قوت (quwwat).
– **Energy**: The capacity to do work is referred to as توانائی (tawanai).
– **Velocity**: The speed of something in a given direction is termed as رفتار (raftar).
– **Acceleration**: The rate of change of velocity is known as عجلت (ijlat).
– **Gravity**: The force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth is called ثقل (siql).
– **Magnetism**: The force exerted by magnets is termed as مقناطیسیت (maqnatisiyat).
– **Quantum**: The minimum amount of any physical entity involved in an interaction is called کوانٹم (quantum).
Astronomy
Astronomy is the study of celestial objects and phenomena. Here are some Urdu terms used in this scientific field:
– **Star**: A luminous point in the night sky is called ستارہ (sitara).
– **Planet**: A celestial body moving in an elliptical orbit around a star is termed as سیارہ (sayara).
– **Galaxy**: A system of millions or billions of stars is referred to as کہکشاں (kahkashan).
– **Black Hole**: A region of space having a gravitational field so intense that no matter or radiation can escape is known as کالا سوراخ (kala surakh).
– **Meteor**: A small body of matter from outer space that enters the earth’s atmosphere is called شہاب ثاقب (shahab saqib).
– **Orbit**: The curved path of a celestial object around a star, planet, or moon is termed as مدار (madar).
– **Eclipse**: The phenomenon where one celestial body moves into the shadow of another is known as گرہن (girhan).
Geology
Geology is the science that deals with the earth’s physical structure and substance. Here are some Urdu terms related to geology:
– **Rock**: A solid mineral material forming part of the surface of the earth is called چٹان (chatan).
– **Mineral**: A solid inorganic substance of natural occurrence is termed as معدن (madan).
– **Earthquake**: A sudden and violent shaking of the ground is referred to as زلزلہ (zalzala).
– **Volcano**: A mountain or hill with a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are being or have been erupted is known as آتش فشاں (aathish fishan).
– **Fossil**: The remains or impression of a prehistoric organism preserved in petrified form is called حیاتیاتی باقیات (hayatiyati baqiyat).
– **Sediment**: Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid is termed as تلچھٹ (talcahat).
– **Magma**: Molten rock beneath the earth’s surface is referred to as میگما (magma).
Environmental Science
Environmental science focuses on the study of the environment and solutions to environmental problems. Here are some Urdu terms used in this field:
– **Pollution**: The presence in or introduction into the environment of a substance which has harmful or poisonous effects is called آلودگی (aloodgi).
– **Climate Change**: A long-term change in the earth’s climate is termed as آب و ہوا کی تبدیلی (aab-o-hawa ki tabdeeli).
– **Biodiversity**: The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem is referred to as حیاتی تنوع (hayati tanawwu).
– **Ecosystem**: A biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment is known as ماحولیاتی نظام (maholiyati nizaam).
– **Sustainability**: The ability to be maintained at a certain rate or level is called پائیداری (paidaari).
– **Recycling**: The process of converting waste into reusable material is termed as ری سائیکلنگ (recycling).
– **Conservation**: The action of conserving something, in particular, is referred to as تحفظ (tahaffuz).
Medical Science
Medical science deals with the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease. Below are some important Urdu terms used in this field:
– **Diagnosis**: The identification of the nature of an illness is called تشخیص (tashkhees).
– **Treatment**: The medical care given to a patient for an illness or injury is termed as علاج (ilaaj).
– **Surgery**: The treatment of injuries or disorders of the body by incision or manipulation is referred to as سرجری (surgery).
– **Vaccine**: A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies is known as ویکسین (vaccine).
– **Antibiotic**: A medicine that inhibits the growth of or destroys microorganisms is called حیاتیاتی دوا (hayatiyati dawa).
– **Virus**: A small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells is termed as وائرس (virus).
– **Bacteria**: Microscopic living organisms that can be found everywhere are referred to as بیکٹیریا (bacteria).
Computer Science
Computer science is the study of computers and computational systems. Here are some Urdu terms related to this field:
– **Algorithm**: A process or set of rules to be followed in calculations is called الگوردم (algorithm).
– **Software**: The programs and other operating information used by a computer are termed as سافٹ ویئر (software).
– **Hardware**: The physical parts of a computer are referred to as ہارڈ ویئر (hardware).
– **Database**: An organized collection of data is known as ڈیٹا بیس (database).
– **Network**: A group of interconnected computers is called نیٹ ورک (network).
– **Encryption**: The process of converting information into code is termed as تشفیر (tashfeer).
– **Artificial Intelligence**: The simulation of human intelligence in machines is referred to as مصنوعی ذہانت (masnooi zahanat).
Conclusion
Understanding scientific terms in Urdu can be incredibly beneficial for English speakers, especially those engaged in academic, professional, or personal interactions where both languages are used. This comprehensive list of terms across various scientific fields serves as an essential guide for learners. By familiarizing yourself with these terms, you can enhance your scientific vocabulary in Urdu, thereby bridging the linguistic gap and fostering better communication and understanding in the realm of science.
